![]() I call these ECRs Monocultural ECRs, as opposed to Transcultural ECRs, which are more or less equally accessible to both the ST and the TT audiences (cf. However, these strategies are not very felicitous when an ECR is well known to the Source Text’s (ST’s) original audience, but virtually unknown to the Target Text (TT) audience. By far the most common strategy is to retain it as it is, with just minor alterations to accommodate the rules of the Target Language (TL). When a subtitler encounters an ECR in a Source Text, s/he has several strategies at his or her disposal for rendering it in the Target Text subtitles. ![]() ECRs are expressions that refer to entities outside language, such as names of people, places, institutions, food, customs etc, which a person may not know, even if s/he knows the language in question. These are references pertaining to realia. The object of investigation in this study is what I call Extralinguistic Cultural References (ECRs). Or, to put it in the old words of Schleiermacher, it is a technique designed “to leave the reader alone as much as possible and bring the writer to him” (1813/1998: 118, my translation). ![]() the subtitles) easy to digest, but they are also more or less void of any new cultural experiences. When this strategy is used frequently, it means that your average couch potato is not exposed to unknown references from the SC, which makes the Target Text (i.e. When using the strategy of Cultural Substitution a Source Culture (SC) reference is removed and more often than not, it is replaced by one from the Target Culture (TC). This is a fairly limited phenomenon, but it is of great importance as it may be the most domesticating (in Venuti’s sense (1995: 19-20)) strategy of language transfer. ![]() This presupposes that at some level – say at the connotational level – some elements of culture are interchangeable. This concept does not necessarily mean that a visit to the kabuki could be exchanged for tickets to a Meatloaf concert, but it does mean that a translator substitutes one cultural reference for another in the subtitles of a film or a TV programme. This paper deals with the interchangeability of culture in subtitles. 2006 (English) Conference paper, Published paper (Refereed) Abstract ![]()
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